<p class="western" align="right"></p> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Baskerville Old Face, serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Massima</b></span></span></p> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Baskerville Old Face, serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><i>La libertà di testare fino all’ultimo attimo di vita - e quella, correlata, di ricevere per via successoria quanto spettante - corrispondono entrambe ad un inviolabile principio di ordine pubblico che i privati non possono compromettere in alcun modo (né diretto, né indiretto) con pattuizioni capaci, all’opposto, di vincolare </i></span></span><span style="font-family: Baskerville Old Face, serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">ex ante</span></span><span style="font-family: Baskerville Old Face, serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><i> ed in modo irreversibile una successione (o una quota di essa, o singoli beni che la compongono) ad una prefissata destinazione soggettiva; tale destinazione deve dunque poter essere revocata dal soggetto della cui successione si tratta, salve le eccezioni peculiarmente (ed espressamente) previste dalla legge, mentre il soggetto che </i></span></span><span style="font-family: Baskerville Old Face, serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">naturaliter</span></span><span style="font-family: Baskerville Old Face, serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><i> ne sarebbe il beneficiario non può rinunziarvi anzitempo o disporre, del pari anzitempo, dei pertinenti diritti.</i></span></span></p> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Crono-articolo</b></span></span></p> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">Diritto romano (vedi articolo dedicato in Cittadinanza consapevole)</span></p> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>1865</b></span></p> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">Nella codificazione </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>liberale</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> l'articolo </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>954</b></span> <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>vieta</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> la </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>rinunzia all'eredità</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> di una </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>persona vivente</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> e l'</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>alienazione dei diritti eventuali</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> su </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>detta eredità; </b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">il successivo art. </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>1118</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> sancisce poi in via generale il </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>divieto di stipulazione</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> intorno ad una </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>successione non ancora aperta</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">. </span></p> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>1942</b></span></p> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">Il codice civile all’</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>art.458 </b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">dichiara</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b> nulla</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> ogni <a href="http://www.brocardi.it/dizionario/1472.html">convenzione</a> </span><a href="http://www.brocardi.it/dizionario/840.html"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>con cui taluno dispone</b></span></a><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> della </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>propria <a href="http://www.brocardi.it/dizionario/834.html">successione</a></b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, ed altresì </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>nullo</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> ogni atto col quale taluno </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>disponga</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> dei </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>diritti che gli possono spettare</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> su una </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>successione non ancora aperta</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, o </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>rinunzia</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> ai medesimi. Da notare come il </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>progetto definitivo</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> del </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>libro delle successioni</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> dapprima riportasse, </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>una sola norma</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> del codice abrogato (l'</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>art.954</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> sui c.d. </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>patti rinunciativi</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, riprodotta nell'art. 70 del progetto definitivo) mentre nella stesura definitiva il legislatore del codice civile conferisce al </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>divieto</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> dei </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>patti successori</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> una </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>portata assai più generale</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> (includendovi anche i patti </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>istitutivi</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> e quelli </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>dispositivi</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">). Significativo, in tema di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>patti successori c.d. rinunciativi</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, l’</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>art.557</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> che, in tema di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>successione necessaria</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, vieta ai </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>legittimari</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> – durante la </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>vita</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> del </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>soggetto della cui successione si tratta</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> – di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>rinunciare </b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>pro futuro</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> all’</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>azione di riduzione</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> per eventuale </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>lesione</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> della </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>quota di legittima</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">. Rilevante altresì l’art.</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>771</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> in tema di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>nullità della donazione</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> di beni </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>non presenti</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> nel patrimonio del donante, e dunque di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>beni futuri </b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">(tra i quali appunto quelli che </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>si riceveranno per via successoria</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">), nonché l’</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>art.791</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> che prevede la </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>possibilità</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> per il </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>donante</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> di disporre </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>la reversibilità a sé medesimo</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> dei </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>beni donati</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> in caso di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>premorienza del donatario</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">. Degno di nota anche </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>l’art.1412</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> sul </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>contratto a favore di terzo</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> con effetti </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>posticipati alla morte dello stipulante</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">. Importante infine anche l’</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>art.2284</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> c.c. che prevede la possibilità per i </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>soci</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>accordarsi</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> sulla </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>sorte della partecipazione</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> in caso di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>morte di uno dei soci</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> medesimi.</span></p> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>1947</b></span></p> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">Il 9 aprile esce la sentenza della Cassazione n.526 che si occupa di un </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>particolare caso di patto successorio</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, quello in qualche modo previsto dall’</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>art.2284</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> c.c. in tema di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>società di persone</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> e di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>morte di uno dei soci</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> nel corso del </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>rapporto sociale</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">. La norma consente ai soci di accordarsi preventivamente (“</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>salva contraria disposizione del contratto sociale</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">”) sulla </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>sorte</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> della </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>partecipazione</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> del detto socio che </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>venga a mancare</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, e tra le </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>varie clausole configurabili</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> vi è quella c.d. </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>di consolidazione o accrescimento</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, nella cui </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>versione “</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>pura</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>”</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, in caso appunto di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>morte</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>uno dei soci</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> in costanza di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>rapporto sociale</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, la relativa quota di partecipazione </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>si accresce</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> in capo agli </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>altri soci</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>senza</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> che agli eredi del socio defunto la quota medesima </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>venga liquidata</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">. Per la Corte si tratta di un </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>patto successorio vietato</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, dal momento che i soci </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>si accordano </b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>ex ante</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> in sede di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>atto costitutivo</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> nel senso di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>disporre</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>una parte della successione di quello di essi</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> che dovesse </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>perdere la vita</b></span> <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>durante il rapporto sociale</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, attribuendo </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>la pertinente quota sociale</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> non già agli </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>eredi</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> del socio che morirà, ma </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>agli altri soci superstiti</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">.</span></p> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>1949</b></span></p> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">*Il 21 aprile esce la sentenza della Cassazione n.973 che si occupa di un </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>particolare caso di patto successorio</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, quello in qualche modo previsto dall’</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>art.2284</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> c.c. in tema di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>società di persone</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> e di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>morte di uno dei soci</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> nel corso del </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>rapporto sociale</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">. La norma consente ai soci di accordarsi preventivamente (“</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>salva contraria disposizione del contratto sociale</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">”) sulla </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>sorte</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> della </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>partecipazione</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> del detto socio che </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>venga a mancare</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, e tra le </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>varie clausole configurabili</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> vi è quella c.d. </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>di consolidazione o accrescimento</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, nella cui </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>versione “</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>pura</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>”</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, in caso appunto di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>morte</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>uno dei soci</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> in costanza di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>rapporto sociale</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, la relativa quota di partecipazione </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>si accresce</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> in capo agli </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>altri soci</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>senza</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> che agli eredi del socio defunto la quota medesima </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>venga liquidata</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">. Per la Corte si tratta di un </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>patto successorio vietato</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, dal momento che i soci </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>si accordano </b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>ex ante</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> in sede di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>atto costitutivo</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> nel senso di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>disporre</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>una parte della successione di quello di essi</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> che dovesse </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>perdere la vita</b></span> <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>durante il rapporto sociale</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, attribuendo </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>la pertinente quota sociale</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> non già agli </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>eredi</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> del socio che morirà, ma </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>agli altri soci superstiti</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">.</span></p> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>1951</b></span></p> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">*Il 17 marzo esce la sentenza della Cassazione n.685 che – ribadendo il proprio </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>precedente orientamento</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> - si occupa di un </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>particolare caso di patto successorio</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, quello in qualche modo previsto dall’</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>art.2284</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> c.c. in tema di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>società di persone</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> e di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>morte di uno dei soci</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> nel corso del </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>rapporto sociale</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">. La norma consente ai soci di accordarsi preventivamente (“</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>salva contraria disposizione del contratto sociale</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">”) sulla </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>sorte</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> della </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>partecipazione</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> del detto socio che </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>venga a mancare</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, e tra le </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>varie clausole configurabili</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> vi è quella c.d. </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>di consolidazione o accrescimento</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, nella cui </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>versione “</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>pura</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>”</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, in caso appunto di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>morte</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>uno dei soci</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> in costanza di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>rapporto sociale</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, la relativa quota di partecipazione </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>si accresce</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> in capo agli </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>altri soci</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>senza</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> che agli eredi del socio defunto la quota medesima </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>venga liquidata</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">. Per la Corte si tratta di un </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>patto successorio vietato</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, dal momento che i soci </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>si accordano </b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>ex ante</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> in sede di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>atto costitutivo</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> nel senso di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>disporre</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>una parte della successione di quello di essi</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> che dovesse </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>perdere la vita</b></span> <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>durante il rapporto sociale</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, attribuendo </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>la pertinente quota sociale</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> non già agli </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>eredi</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> del socio che morirà, ma </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>agli altri soci superstiti</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">.</span></p> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>1959</b></span></p> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">Il 22 maggio esce la sentenza della Cassazione n.1556 che ritiene </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>nulli</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, oltre ai </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>patti successori ex art.458</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> c.c. ad </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>efficacia immediata e “</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>reale</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>”</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, anche quelli a mera </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>efficacia obbligatoria</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, in cui </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>l’oggetto “</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>ereditario</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>”</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> del </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>patto nullo</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> è una </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>obbligazione</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> (istitutiva, dispositiva o rinunciativa).</span></p> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>1964</b></span></p> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">*Il 10 aprile esce la sentenza della Cassazione n.835 che ritiene </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>nulli</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, oltre ai </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>patti successori ex art.458</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> c.c. ad </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>efficacia immediata e “</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>reale</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>”</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, anche quelli a mera </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>efficacia obbligatoria</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, in cui </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>l’oggetto “</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>ereditario</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>”</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> del </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>patto nullo</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> è una </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>obbligazione</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> (istitutiva, dispositiva o rinunciativa).</span></p> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>1975</b></span></p> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">*Il 16 aprile esce la sentenza della Cassazione n.1434 che – ribadendo il proprio </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>precedente orientamento</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> - si occupa di un </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>particolare caso di patto successorio</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, quello in qualche modo previsto dall’</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>art.2284</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> c.c. in tema di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>società di persone</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> e di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>morte di uno dei soci</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> nel corso del </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>rapporto sociale</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">. La norma consente ai soci di accordarsi preventivamente (“</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>salva contraria disposizione del contratto sociale</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">”) sulla </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>sorte</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> della </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>partecipazione</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> del detto socio che </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>venga a mancare</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, e tra le </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>varie clausole configurabili</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> vi è quella c.d. </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>di consolidazione o accrescimento</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, nella cui </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>versione “</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>pura</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>”</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, in caso appunto di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>morte</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>uno dei soci</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> in costanza di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>rapporto sociale</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, la relativa quota di partecipazione </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>si accresce</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> in capo agli </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>altri soci</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>senza</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> che agli eredi del socio defunto la quota medesima </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>venga liquidata</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">. Per la Corte si tratta di un </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>patto successorio vietato</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, dal momento che i soci </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>si accordano </b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>ex ante</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> in sede di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>atto costitutivo</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> nel senso di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>disporre</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>una parte della successione di quello di essi</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> che dovesse </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>perdere la vita</b></span> <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>durante il rapporto sociale</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, attribuendo </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>la pertinente quota sociale</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> non già agli </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>eredi</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> del socio che morirà, ma </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>agli altri soci superstiti</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">.</span></p> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>1992</b></span></p> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">Il 19 novembre esce la sentenza del Tribunale di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>Vercelli</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> che torna ad occuparsi di un </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>particolare caso di patto successorio</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, quello in qualche modo previsto dall’</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>art.2284</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> c.c. in tema di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>società di persone</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> e di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>morte di uno dei soci</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> nel corso del </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>rapporto sociale</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">. La norma consente ai soci di accordarsi preventivamente (“</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>salva contraria disposizione del contratto sociale</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">”) sulla </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>sorte</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> della </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>partecipazione</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> del detto socio che </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>venga a mancare</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, e tra le </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>varie clausole configurabili</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> vi è quella c.d. </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>di consolidazione o accrescimento</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, nella cui </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>versione “</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>pura</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>”</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, in caso appunto di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>morte</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>uno dei soci</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> in costanza di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>rapporto sociale</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, la relativa quota di partecipazione </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>si accresce</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> in capo agli </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>altri soci</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>senza</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> che agli eredi del socio defunto la quota medesima </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>venga liquidata</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">. Per il Tribunale non si tratta, come tralatiziamente affermato dalla Cassazione, di un patto successorio vietato per frizione con l’art.458 c.c., quanto piuttosto di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>accordo</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> in contrasto con il </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>divieto del patto tontinario</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, una c.d. “</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>assicurazione sulla vita a ripartizione</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">” alla cui stregua – secondo </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>l’atteggiarsi</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> della pertinente </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>fattispecie</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, quando </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>venuta alla luce</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> (viene fatto ufficialmente risalire </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>XVII secolo</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> e precisamente al </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>1653</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, ideato dal banchiere e governatore di Gaeta </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>Lorenzo De Tonti</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> che, recatosi in </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>Francia</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, propose al </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>cardinale Mazzarino</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> questa peculiare e </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>“</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>primitiva</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>”</b></span> <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>forma </b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>assicurazione sulla vita</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">) – </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>ciascun</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> contraente, dietro pagamento di una </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>somma prestabilita</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> (normalmente variabile in base all’età) si vede corrispondere una </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>rendita vitalizia immediata</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">: da tale momento si innesca </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>una sorta di “</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>roulette assicurativa</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>”</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, in base alla quale </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>chi sopravvive</b></span> <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>agli altri contraenti</b></span> <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>incassa</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> via via anche </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>le rate di rendita altrui</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">. Una sorta dunque di “</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>società reale</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">” che – pur destando da subito </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>perplessità</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> – è stata </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>inizialmente giudicata conforme al sistema</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, fino al </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>1912</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, anno in cui in Italia è nato il </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>monopolio statale</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> sulle </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>assicurazioni sulla vita</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">. Le clausole di accrescimento o consolidazione configurano dunque, per il Tribunale, una forma larvata di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>patto tontinario</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> vietato.</span></p> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>1995</b></span></p> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">Il 16 febbraio esce la sentenza della II sezione della Cassazione n.1683 che ribadisce come nei </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>patti successori vietati</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> la </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>morte</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> è la </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>causa del trasferimento</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">; proprio per questo la dottrina li distingue dai </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>c.d. atti </b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>post mortem</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, nei quali il trasferimento ha una </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>causa diversa dalla morte</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> di un soggetto, e la morte funge solo da </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>parametro cronologico</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>produzione degli effetti</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, compendiando un </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>termine</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> o l’</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>evento di una condizione</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">.</span></p> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>2000</b></span></p> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">Il 9 maggio esce la sentenza della II sezione della Cassazione n.5870 che </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>esclude</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> dall’area di operatività </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>dell’art.458</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> c.c. la </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>mera promessa verbale</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>nominare erede</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> un </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>determinato soggetto</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, dacché la disposizione vieta i </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>contratti</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> che abbiano ad oggetto la </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>successione</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> di taluno, e </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>non già</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> le </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>mere promesse unilaterali</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> (che </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>non sono patti</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">), come tali </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>prive di valore giuridico</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">.</span></p> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>2006</b></span></p> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">Il 14 febbraio viene varata la </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>legge n.55</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> recante </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>modifiche al codice civile</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> in materia di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>patti di famiglia</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, che incide in modo </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>innovativo</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> sull’</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>art.458</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> c.c. dichiarando </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>nulli</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> i patti successori “</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>fatto salvo quanto disposto dagli articoli 768-bis e seguenti</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">” e dunque proprio nei casi dei c.d. </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>patti di famiglia</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, che finiscono per produrre un </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>temperamento</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> al tradizionale divieto.</span></p> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>2009</b></span></p> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">Il 30 giugno esce la sentenza del Tribunale di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>Napoli</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, onde il </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>patto successorio istitutivo</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>nullo</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> ai sensi dell’art. 458 c.c., ricorre nell’ipotesi di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>convenzione</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> avente ad oggetto la </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>disposizione di beni</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> afferenti ad una </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>successione non ancora aperta,</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> vale a dire di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>accordo</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> che costituisca </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>attuazione dell’intento</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> delle parti, rispettivamente di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>provvedere in tutto o in parte alla propria successione</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> e di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>acquistare un diritto sui beni della futura proprietà</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> a titolo di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>erede</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> o </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>legatario</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">; tale accordo, laddove di natura </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>obbligatoria</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, deve essere inteso a </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>far sorgere un vero e proprio </b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>vinculum iuris</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> di cui la </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>successiva disposizione testamentaria</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> costituisce </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>l’adempimento</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">; conseguentemente deve essere </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>esclusa</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> la sussistenza di un </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>patto successorio</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> quando tra le parti </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>non sia intervenuta alcuna convenzione</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> e la persona della cui eredità trattasi abbia </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>solo manifestato verbalmente</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> all’interessato o a terzi </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>l’intenzione di disporre dei propri beni in un determinato modo</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, atteso che tale </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>promessa verbale</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> non crea </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>alcun vincolo giuridico</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> e non è quindi idonea a </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>limitare la piena libertà del testatore</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> che è il </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>vero oggetto</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> della </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>tutela legislativa</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">.</span></p> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">Il 19 novembre esce la sentenza della II sezione della Cassazione n.24450 alla cui stregua configurano un </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>patto successorio</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> - per definizione </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>non suscettibile di conversione in un testamento</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, ai sensi dell’</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>art. 1424</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> c.c., in quanto in </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>contrasto</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> col </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>principio</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> dell’ordinamento, </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>di ordine pubblico</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, onde il testatore è </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>libero di disporre dei propri beni</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> fino al momento della </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>morte</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> - sia le </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>convenzioni</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> aventi ad oggetto una </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>vera istituzione di erede</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> rivestita della </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>forma contrattuale</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, sia quelle che abbiano ad oggetto </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>la costituzione, trasmissione o estinzione</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>diritti</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> relativi ad una </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>successione non ancora aperta</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, tali da far sorgere un </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>vinculum iuris</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> di cui la </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>disposizione ereditaria</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> rappresenti </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>l’adempimento.</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> Decidendo il peculiare caso di specie, per la Corte ha natura di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>patto successorio</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> e </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>non di transazione</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> - come erroneamente ritenuto dal giudice di merito - la </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>scrittura privata</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> con la quale </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>una sorella</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> ha acconsentito al </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>trasferimento</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> in favore dei </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>fratelli</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> della </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>proprietà di immobili appartenenti al padre</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, a fronte dell’</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>impegno</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, assunto dai medesimi, di versarle una </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>somma di denaro</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, da considerare, in relazione allo specifico contesto, come una </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>tacitazione</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> dei </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>relativi diritti</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> quale </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>erede legittimario</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">.</span></p> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>2010</b></span></p> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">Il 12 febbraio esce la sentenza della I sezione della Cassazione n. 3345, secondo la quale la </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>clausola statutaria</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> che attribuisce ai </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>soci superstiti di una società di capitali</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, in caso di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>morte</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> di uno di essi, il </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>diritto di acquistare</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> - secondo un </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>valore da determinarsi</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> in base a </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>criteri prestabiliti</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> - dagli </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>eredi del </b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>de cuius</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> la </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>partecipazione</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> già appartenuta a quest’ultimo e </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>pervenuta </b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>iure successionis</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> agli eredi medesimi, </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>non viola</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> il </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>divieto di patti successori</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> di cui all’art. 458 c.c., in quanto il </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>vincolo</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> che ne deriva a carico reciprocamente dei soci è destinato a </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>produrre effetti solo dopo</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> il verificarsi della </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>vicenda successoria</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> e </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>dopo il trasferimento</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> (per legge o per testamento) della partecipazione </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>agli eredi</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, con la conseguenza onde la </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>morte di uno dei soci</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> costituisce soltanto il </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>momento a decorrere dal quale</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> può essere esercitata </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>l’opzione per l’acquisto</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> suddetto, </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>senza</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> che ne risulti </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>incisa</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> la </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>disciplina legale</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> della </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>delazione ereditaria</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> o che si configurino gli estremi di un (vietato) </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>patto di consolidazione delle azioni fra soci</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">.</span></p> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>2011</b></span></p> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">Il 29 dicembre esce la sentenza della I sezione della Cassazione n. 30020 onde </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>non viola il patto successorio</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> la </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>clausola statutaria</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> di società a responsabilità limitata che sancisca il </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>divieto del trasferimento delle quote per causa di morte</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> se non </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>a favore del coniuge e dei discendenti in linea retta</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> dei soci fondatori e il </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>subentro</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> dei </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>soci superstiti</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">.</span></p> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>2014</b></span></p> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">Il 20 ottobre esce la sentenza del Tribunale di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>Udine</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> che si occupa della </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>clausola</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, contenuta in un </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>contratto di mutuo</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, ove si prevede che </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>il mutuatario sia liberato</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> dall’eventuale </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>debito residuo</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> alla data della </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>morte del mutuante.</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> Per il Tribunale detta clausola </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>non costituisce</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> violazione del </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>divieto dei patti successori</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, trattandosi di un </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>negozio </b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>inter vivos</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>remissione di debito</b></span> <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>immediatamente produttivo di effetti</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> e </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>non</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> di un </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>negozio </b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>mortis causa</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">.</span></p> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>2015</b></span></p> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">Il 25 febbraio esce la sentenza della II sezione della Cassazione n. 3819. che dichiara </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>nulla</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> la </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>rinuncia preventiva</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> alla </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>quota di comproprietà</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> derivante da una </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>futura eventuale successione</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> in quanto costituente </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>patto successorio vietato</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> dalla legge.</span></p> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">Il 27 novembre esce la sentenza della II sezione della Cassazione n. 24291 secondo la quale l’</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>assunzione tra fratelli dell’obbligo di conguaglio</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> per la </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>differenza di valore</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> dei </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>beni loro donati in vita</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> dal genitore </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>non vìola</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> il divieto di patti successori, </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>non</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> concernendo i </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>diritti spettanti sulla futura successione </b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>mortis causa</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> del genitore.</span></p> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>2016 </b></span></p> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">Il 6 aprile esce la sentenza del Tribunale di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>Pordenone</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> che si occupa della donazione c.d. </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>cum praemoriar</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> (subordinata cioè alla </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>premorienza del donante</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">); essa </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>non costituisce</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, per il Tribunale, un </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>contratto </b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>mortis causa</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, che come tale sarebbe </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>nullo</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> per violazione dell’art. 458 c.c., rappresentando piuttosto </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>una normale</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> (e, quindi </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>consentita</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">) </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>donazione tra vivi</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> sottoposta a </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>termine</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> e </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>condizione</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, con la sola </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>particolarità</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> che </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>l’evento</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> è dato dalla </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>(pre) morte del donante</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">; una donazione, quella con </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>questa foggia</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, la cui </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>validità</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> va per il Tribunale </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>affermata</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> ogni volta in cui </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>la morte costituisce non già la causa dell’attribuzione</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, quanto piuttosto un </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>evento condizionante</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> la produzione degli </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>effetti definitivi</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, senza impedire la </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>produzione di effetti prodromici e preliminari</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">.</span></p> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">Il 15 luglio esce la sentenza della II sezione della Cassazione n. 14566 che assume configurare </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>patto successorio</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, vietato dall’art. 458 c.c., </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>l’accordo</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> col quale i contraenti </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>si attribuiscono le quote di proprietà di un immobile</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> oggetto dell’</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>altrui futura successione </b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>mortis causa</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, pattuendo di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>rimanere in comunione</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> ai sensi dell’</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>art. 1111, 2º comma</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, c.c.; a nulla rileva, quanto al </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>giudizio di invalidità ex art. 458</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> c.c., il </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>collegamento</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> tra tale </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>scrittura privata</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> ed il </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>negozio traslativo</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> concluso </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>con lo stesso </b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>de cuius</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, né la di lui </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>consapevole adesione</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> ad un </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>precedente patto successorio dispositivo</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">.</span></p> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">Il 12 settembre esce la sentenza della XII sezione del Tribunale di Napoli secondo cui la clausola di un contratto di assicurazione che prevede l’intrasmissibilità del diritto all’indennizzo nel caso in cui l’assicurato muoia prima della concreta liquidazione dell’indennità stessa non riguarda l’oggetto del contratto, né il rischio garantito, ma rappresenta una limitazione della responsabilità dell’assicuratore. Una simile clausola è vessatoria e, quindi, ai sensi dell’art. 36, comma 1, cod. consumo, è da dichiararsi nulla, anche se munita di “doppia sottoscrizione”, ferma restando la validità del contratto. La dottrina ha evidenziato come, nel caso di specie, siano individuabili cinque diversi profili di nullità e in particolare: 1) un caso di esonero illegittimo di responsabilità dell’assicuratore per inadempimento; 2) la violazione dell’art. 458 c.c.; 3) l’inosservanza dell’obbligo di trasparenza del contenuto contrattuale; 4) l’illegittima deroga ai principi in tema di condizione meramente potestativa; 5) in ogni caso, la violazione di norme imperative.</span></p> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">Il 29 ottobre esce la sentenza del Tribunale di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>Roma</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> onde il </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>mandato </b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>mortis causa</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> conseguente all’</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>intestazione fiduciaria</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, con indicazione da parte del </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>mandante</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> (</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>futuro </b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>de cuius</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">) al </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>mandatario fiduciario</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>trasferire i beni</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> a chi sia stato </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>indicato come beneficiario, </b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">con trasferimento</span><b> </b><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">da operarsi </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>successivamente</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> alla </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>morte del mandante </b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">medesimo, è </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>illegittimo ed invalido</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, in quanto </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>in violazione dei patti successori</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> ai sensi e per gli effetti dell’art. 458 c.c.</span></p> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">Il 15 novembre esce la sentenza della III sezione del Tribunale di Verona onde la disposizione testamentaria che attribuisca il patrimonio mobiliare del </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i>de cuius</i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> ad uno solo tra gli eredi non può essere considerata come inequivoca revoca della designazione di tutti gli eredi, genericamente indicati, come beneficiari di una polizza vita previamente stipulata.</span></p> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>2019</b></span></p> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="color: #222222;"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">Il 19 marzo viene presentato al Senato il ddl. S. 1151 che prevede una delega molto ampia per una riforma del diritto civile. Per quanto di interesse in questa sede, i</span></span><span style="color: #231f20;"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">l progetto riformatore incide anche sull</span></span><span style="color: #231f20;"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">’</span></span><span style="color: #231f20;"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">istituto della riserva riconosciuta ai legittimari dal momento che la dottrina ha da tempo attenzionato tale istituto da due e concorrenti angoli prospettici. Ostacolo alla circolazione dei beni di provenienza donativa, inadeguatezza se non eccessività della riserva rispetto alle nuove esigenze avvertite da modelli di famiglia allargata o composita.</span></span></p> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="color: #231f20;"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">Il disegno di legge delega si propone di trasformare la riserva da diritto sulla quota del patrimonio a diritto al </span></span><span style="color: #231f20;"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">“</span></span><span style="color: #231f20;"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">valore</span></span><span style="color: #231f20;"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">” </span></span><span style="color: #231f20;"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">di una quota patrimoniale. Tale disposizione dovrebbe poi avere ripercussioni anche sull</span></span><span style="color: #231f20;"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">’</span></span><span style="color: #231f20;"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">azione di reintegrazione, dal momento che l’erede non potrebbe più vantare diritti sul singolo bene, ma solo su una quota di patrimonio.</span></span></p> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="color: #231f20;"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">Sotto altra prospettiva, la delega lascia fermo il divieto dei patti dispositivi dei diritti spettanti da una successione non ancora aperta, ma prevede comunque la possibilità di stipulare patti sulle successioni future. In particolare, è esplicito il riferimento a patti tramite i quali si conviene in ordine alla </span></span><span style="color: #231f20;"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">“</span></span><span style="color: #231f20;"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">devoluzione dei beni del patrimonio ereditario in essi determinati ai successori ivi indicati</span></span><span style="color: #231f20;"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">” </span></span><span style="color: #231f20;"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">ed a patti tramite i quali i successibili rinunciano </span></span><span style="color: #231f20;"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">“</span></span><span style="color: #231f20;"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">irrevocabilmente alla successione in generale o in particolari beni, restando inderogabile la quota di riserva prevista dagli articoli 356 e seguenti</span></span><span style="color: #231f20;"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">”</span></span><span style="color: #231f20;"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">.</span></span></p> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="color: #231f20;"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">Si prevede dunque l</span></span><span style="color: #231f20;"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">’</span></span><span style="color: #231f20;"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">introduzione nell</span></span><span style="color: #231f20;"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">’</span></span><span style="color: #231f20;"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">ordinamento successorio di patti istitutivi, tramite i quali sarebbe consentito attribuire in vita beni determinati ai vari successibili ed altresì di patti rinunciativi, tramite i quali alcuni successibili, potrebbero rinunciare ad ogni pretesa successoria o comunque ad una pretesa su beni determinati.</span></span></p> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="color: #231f20;"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">La dottrina ha subito rilevato come risulti in tal modo aperta la strada ad un governo su base contrattuale della vicenda successoria e conseguentemente marginalizzato il ruolo del testamento quale unica ed esclusiva espressione dell</span></span><span style="color: #231f20;"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">’</span></span><span style="color: #231f20;"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">autonomia privata in ordine alla devoluzione del patrimonio della persona.</span></span></p> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="color: #231f20;"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">Considerato che la prospettiva di riforma prevede altresì la possibilità di stipulare accordi in vista di matrimoni e unioni personali, è da ritenere che tali accordi potranno ospitare anche patti istitutivi e soprattutto patti rinunciativi, consentendo una circolazione </span></span><span style="color: #231f20;"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">‘</span></span><span style="color: #231f20;"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">mirata</span></span><span style="color: #231f20;"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">’ </span></span><span style="color: #231f20;"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">della ricchezza che, ad esempio, tenga conto di plurime esperienze matrimoniali e di figli nati da diverse relazionali.</span></span></p> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>Questioni intriganti</b></span></p> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>Quale è il fondamento del divieto di patti successori?</b></span></p> <ol type="a"> <li> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">occorre </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>tutelare</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> la </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>libertà del testatore</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">;</span></p> </li> <li> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">egli deve </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>scegliere</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> che </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>destinazione</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> dare </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>post mortem</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> al proprio patrimonio </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>fino all’ultimo istante</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> e </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>senza condizionamenti</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">;</span></p> </li> <li> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">ripugna sotto il profilo </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>sociale</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> che una </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>persona vivente</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> disponga </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>anzitempo</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> ed in modo </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>irrevocabile</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> dei propri </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>diritti</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> per il periodo in cui non ci sarà più (o che </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>altri</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, che egli </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>ha inteso beneficiare</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, lo facciano </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>anzitempo in sua vece</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>rinunziando</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> ai pertinenti diritti o </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>disponendone</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> quando egli </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>è ancora in vita</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">);</span></p> </li> <li> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">la </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>piena libertà di testare</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> fino all’</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>ultimo momento di vita</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> è </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>principio di ordine pubblico</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, come tale </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>non derogabile </b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">dall’</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>autonomia privata</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, onde si tratta di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>accordi nulli</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> che </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>non possono</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> essere fatti oggetto di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>conversione ex art.1424</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> c.c.;</span></p> </li> <li> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">l’accordo </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>è vietato</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> perché ha ad oggetto </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>un trasferimento </b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>mortis causa</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, e dunque </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>la morte di un soggetto</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> è la </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>causa</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> del </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>trasferimento divisato</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> dalle parti con l’accordo (proprio per questo) </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>nullo</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">; la fattispecie è – almeno sul piano </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>teorico</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> – </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>diversa</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> nei c.d. </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>atti </b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>post mortem</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, laddove la morte di un soggetto </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>non è la causa</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> di un trasferimento (che trova dunque la propria funzione economico-individuale </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>aliunde</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">), ma soltanto il </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>momento cronologico</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>produzione concreta degli effetti</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> dell’accordo di trasferimento, quale </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>termine</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> ovvero quale </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>condizione</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">;</span></p> </li> </ol> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>Quante categorie di patti successori possono tradizionalmente isolarsi?</b></span></p> <ol type="a"> <li> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">patti </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>istitutivi</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">: interviene un accordo – </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>non importa</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> se a titolo </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>oneroso</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> o </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>gratuito</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> - tra il soggetto </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>A</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> e il soggetto </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>B</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, in forza del quale il primo </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>nomina erede</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> il secondo, o </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>dispone con testamento</b></span> <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>a relativo vantaggio</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, ovvero </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>si obbliga</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> (senza dunque effetti immediati) ad </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>istituirlo erede</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> (successione a titolo universale) ovvero a </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>beneficiarlo di un legato</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> (successione a titolo particolare), tanto che il patto abbia ad oggetto </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>un singolo cespite</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, ovvero </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>una quota del patrimonio</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> o ancora </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>tutto il patrimonio</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> del disponente; il patto potrebbe anche intervenire tra </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>A</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> ed il </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>terzo C</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, pur avendo ad oggetto </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>l’istituzione di B come erede</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> ovvero il </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>beneficio per lui di un legato</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, quand’anche con effetti meramente </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>obbligatori</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">;</span></p> </li> <li> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">patti </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>dispositivi</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">: l’accordo (o l’”</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>atto</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">”, che in questo caso </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>può dunque</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> essere </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>anche unilaterale</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">) </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>lascia fuori</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> il soggetto </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>della cui successione si tratta</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> (la successione </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>non è ancora aperta</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> ed il </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>futuro </b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>de cuius</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b> è ancora in vita</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">), intervenendo tra </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>chi presuntivamente ne sarà erede</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> ed </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>un terzo</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, tanto che coinvolga </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>l’intera eredità</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, ovvero </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>una quota</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> della medesima, ovvero ancora </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>singoli beni</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">; nel caso di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>disposizione a titolo gratuito</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> la nullità è </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>a doppio titolo</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, essendo </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>nulla</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> la </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>donazione di beni futuri</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> (non presenti nel patrimonio del donante) ex </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>art.771</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> c.c.; anche per i patti dispositivi è nulla, oltre alla versione </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>ad efficacia reale</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> (e dunque </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>immediata</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">), anche la versione a </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>mera efficacia obbligatoria</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">;</span></p> </li> <li> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">patti rinunciativi: l’accordo (o l’”</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>atto</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">”, che in questo caso </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>può dunque</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> essere </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>anche unilaterale</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">) può coinvolgere il futuro </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>de cuius</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, nei confronti del quale il presunto futuro erede rinuncia alla eredità teoricamente spettantegli (</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i>in toto</i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i>pro quota</i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> o limitatamente a singoli beni); ovvero può coinvolgere </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>un terzo a beneficio del quale</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> il </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>presunto futuro erede</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> opera la rinuncia: tipico l’esempio c.1) del </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>legittimario</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> che </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>rinuncia </b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>pro futuro</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b> all’azione di riduzione</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> per il caso di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>eventuale lesione</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> della relativa </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>quota di legittima</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> (qui la rinuncia </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>è vietata</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, quale </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>species</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> a </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i>genus</i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, dall’</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>art.557</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> c.c.); c.2) della rinuncia a favore del </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>chiamato in subordine</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> rispetto a chi rinuncia; c.3) della rinuncia a favore del </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>coerede in accrescimento</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, che della rinuncia può </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>avvantaggiarsi</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> in virtù proprio dell’accrescimento; anche per i patti dispositivi è nulla, oltre alla versione </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>ad efficacia reale</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> (e dunque </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>immediata</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">), anche la versione a </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>mera efficacia obbligatoria</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">;</span></p> </li> </ol> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>Quali problemi pone in particolare il patto successorio nullo di natura “obbligatoria”?</b></span></p> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">Tutto dipende dalla </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>consapevolezza o meno</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> in capo al </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>soggetto obbligato</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>eseguire</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, attraverso </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>l’adempimento</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> dell’obbligazione, un </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>patto successorio nullo</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">:</span></p> <ol type="a"> <li> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">chi adempie </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>è consapevole</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> della </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>nullità</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> del patto dal quale discende </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>l’obbligazione</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> che va eseguendo: la consapevolezza </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>rompe il nesso</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> tra l’atto adempitivo </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>e la nullità del patto</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> dal quale discende l’obbligazione che si adempie, onde l’atto adempitivo viene assunto </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>valido</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">;</span></p> </li> <li> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">chi adempie </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>non è consapevole</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> della </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>nullità del patto</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> dal quale discende </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>l’obbligazione</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> che va eseguendo: la mancata consapevolezza </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>lascia in piedi</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> il nesso tra l’atto adempitivo e la nullità dell’atto dal quale discende l’obbligazione che si adempie ed in simili casi: b.1) laddove il </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>patto successorio obbligatorio</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> sia </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>istitutivo</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> e il </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>testatore</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>per onorare</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> l’obbligo assunto, </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>istituisca</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> taluno erede, si configura un </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>errore di diritto sul motivo </b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">ex</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b> art.624</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> c.c., che rende il testamento </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>annullabile</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">; per un’altra tesi </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>più radicale</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> il testamento sarebbe invece </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>radicalmente nullo</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> per </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>motivo illecito</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> ex </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>art.626</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> c.c.; b.2) laddove il patto successorio obbligatorio sia </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>dispositivo o rinunciativo</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> e il soggetto obbligato, </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>per onorare</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> l’obbligo assunto, </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>disponga</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> della propria futura successione o </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>vi rinunzi</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, si configura un </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>errore di diritto</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> ex </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>art.1429, n.4</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, c.c., che rende </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>l’atto </b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>inter vivos</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b> annullabile</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">. </span></p> </li> </ol> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>Quali istituti o figure giuridiche sono a rischio di nullità per violazione del divieto dei patti successori?</b></span></p> <ol type="a"> <li> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">il </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>mandato </b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>post mortem</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, laddove il mandatario si obbliga ad eseguire la </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>divisata attività giuridica</b></span> <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>dopo la morte</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> del </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>mandante</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">; se si tratta di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>mera attività materiale</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> (mandato </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>post mortem exequendum</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">) si è </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>al di fuori</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> dei patti successori, con conseguente </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>validità</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> del mandato, come nel tipico caso - rammentato dalla dottrina - delle </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>istruzioni</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> fornite al mandatario per procedere alla </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>tumulazione</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> del mandante, una volta defunto; se invece si tratta di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>attività giuridica</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, ed in particolare di una </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>attribuzione patrimoniale</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, si profila un </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>patto successorio nullo</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> quando </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>l’attribuzione</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> operata dal mandatario nell’interesse del mandante trovi la </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>propria causa</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> nella </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>morte</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> di quest’ultimo (potendosi configurare un </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>patto successorio istitutivo</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> vietato); </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>non è </b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">vero e proprio</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b> mandato</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> il c.d. </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>mandato </b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>post mortem</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b> in senso stretto</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, che </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>non</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> è un </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>contratto</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> ma, piuttosto, un </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>atto unilaterale</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">: sono le ipotesi della </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>nomina</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> da parte del testatore di un </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>terzo incaricato di redigere il progetto di divisione</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> della propria eredità ex art.</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>733</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> c.c., ovvero della nomina di un </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>esecutore testamentario</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> o di un </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>terzo arbitratore</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> ai sensi degli articoli </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>630-632</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> c.c.;</span></p> </li> <li> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">il </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>negozio fiduciario</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, laddove fiduciante e fiduciario – in forza del </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>pactum fiduciae</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> - si accordino nel senso onde, alla </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>morte</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> del primo (</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>fiduciante</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">), i beni trasferiti al secondo (</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>fiduciario</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">) </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>mentre il primo era in vita</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> siano trasferiti in proprietà </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>ad un terzo beneficiario</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">: sebbene possa profilarsi una </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>frizione</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> con il divieto di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>patti successori istitutivi</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, si tratta di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>negozio generalmente assunto valido</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> (escluse le fattispecie in cui esso si palesi </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>in frode alla legge</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, come nel caso in cui il beneficiario sia un soggetto </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>incapace di succedere</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">), muovendo dal presupposto che esso compendia in realtà un </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>negozio </b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>inter vivos</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, in cui il fiduciario </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>acquista subito la proprietà</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> dei beni da parte del fiduciante e, qualora </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>si renda inadempiente</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> al </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i>pactum fiduciae</i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, è </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>solo</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> tenuto al </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>risarcimento del danno</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> nei confronti degli eredi del fiduciante;</span></p> </li> <li> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">il </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>contratto a favore di terzo</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> in cui la </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>prestazione del promittente</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> nei confronti del terzo va effettuata </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>dopo la morte dello stipulante</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> ex </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>art.1412</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> c.c.: se ne ammette generalmente la </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>validità</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, trattandosi di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>disposizione</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> che ha </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>effetti immediati a favore del terzo</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, con </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>mero spostamento in avanti</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> del </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>tempus</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> della </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>prestazione</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> del promittente, collegata alla </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>morte dello stipulante</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> (che dunque si palesa più </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>occasione</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> che </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>causa</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> dell’attribuzione); si tratta insomma di un </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>atto </b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>inter vivos</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> con </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>effetti </b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>post mortem</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, come dimostra il fatto che, se </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>il terzo premuore</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> allo stipulante, la prestazione del promittente </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>si dirige</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> – alla </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>morte</b></span> <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>dello stipulante</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> - nei confronti dei </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>relativi eredi</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, con conferma dell’</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>efficacia immediata del negozio</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">; la disciplina prevede – </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>anche</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> per il caso in cui il terzo abbia </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>dichiarato di voler profittare</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> della prestazione (</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i>post mortem</i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">) a relativo favore – la possibilità per lo stipulante di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>revocare</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> la disposizione </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>fino alla morte</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, con possibilità tuttavia di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>rinunciare per iscritto</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> a detta </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>facoltà di revoca</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">;</span></p> </li> <li> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">la </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>donazione a causa di morte</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">: il </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>donante</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> appone al proprio </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>atto di liberalità</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> una </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>condizione sospensiva</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, coincidente con </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>l’evento</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> della propria </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>morte</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, e si riserva il </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>potere di revocare la donazione</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> stessa; la figura – oltre che per possibile conflitto con il </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>divieto dei patti successori</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, dacché la </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>morte del donante</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> viene assunta come </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>causa</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> del trasferimento sotteso alla donazione stessa </span><b> </b><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">– confligge con il principio di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>normale irrevocabilità</b></span> <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>della donazione</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> (salvi i casi espressamente previsti dalla legge: </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>ingratitudine</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> e </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>sopravvenienza di figli</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">) e, massime, con la norma che dichiara </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>vietata</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> la </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>condizione meramente potestativa</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, ovvero l’</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>art.1355</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> c.c.; quando invece la donazione è </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>irrevocabile</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> ed </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>è fatta con (mero) termine di efficacia</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> fissato al momento della morte del donante (c.d. donazione </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>cum moriar</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">), si tratta di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>atto </b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>post mortem</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> giudicato </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>valido</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> perché la causa della donazione resta lo spirito di liberalità del donante (cui corrisponde un’</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>aspettativa giuridicamente tutelata</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> del </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>donatario</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">), e non già la relativa </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>morte</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> (anche se, nel concreto, esso potrebbe </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>eludere</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> il divieto dei patti successori </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>istitutivi</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">); parimenti è </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>atto </b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>post mortem</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> assunto </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>valido</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> la donazione i cui </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>effetti</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> sono </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>subordinati</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> alla circostanza onde </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>il donante muore prima</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> del donatario (c.d. donazione </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>si premoriar</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">), poiché anche in questo caso la causa dell’atto donativo e lo spirito di liberalità del donante (cui corrisponde anche qui un’</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>aspettativa giuridicamente tutelata</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> del </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>donatario</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">) e non già la relativa </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>morte</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> (anche se, nel concreto, anch’esso potrebbe </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>eludere</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> il divieto dei patti successori </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>istitutivi</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">); non configura certamente patto successorio vietato la fattispecie di cui all’</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>art.791</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> c.c. in cui il donante sottoponga il proprio </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>trasferimento con causa di liberalità</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> – che ha </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>effetti immediati</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> – alla </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>condizione risolutiva</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> della </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>premorienza del donatario</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, onde se </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>il donatario decede anteriormente</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> al donante, i beni donati </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>tornano nel patrimonio del donante</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> stesso (c.d. </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>reversibilità</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">);</span></p> </li> <li> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">la </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>sorte</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> della </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>partecipazione sociale</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> in caso di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>morte di uno dei soci</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, che può essere oggetto di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>accordi </b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>ex ante</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b> tra i soci</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> medesimi ai sensi dell’</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>art.2284 c.c.</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> in tema di società semplice, richiamato per le </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>società in nome collettivo</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> dall’art.2293 e per quelle </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>in accomandita semplice</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> (per quanto riguarda il solo socio accomandatario) dall’</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>art.2322</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> c.c.; si parte dalla </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>regola generale</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> onde, in caso di morte di un socio, laddove </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>nulla</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> sia stato disposto dai soci in sede di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>costituzione della società</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, il rapporto sociale </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>si scioglie</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> e gli </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>eredi</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> hanno diritto alla </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>liquidazione della quota</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, salvo che i soci superstiti non intendano </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>liquidare (tutta) la società</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, ovvero ancora non preferiscano </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>continuare la società con gli eredi</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> del socio mancato, e tali eredi </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>prestino il consenso</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> a tale continuazione, configurandosi per tale via, </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>ex post</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, un </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>accordo </b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>inter vivos</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> che non crea problemi di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>validità</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">. </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>Ex ante</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, è tuttavia possibile </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>per i soci</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, nel momento stesso in cui </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>costituiscono la società</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>accordarsi</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> tra loro per disciplinare la </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>sorte delle partecipazioni</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> in caso di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>morte</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> di taluno di loro, profilandosi in tal caso </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>nell’atto costitutivo</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> della società: e.1) </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>clausole di continuazione</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">: gli eredi del socio defunto hanno la </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>facoltà</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> (clausola facoltativa: si tratta di un’</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>opzione</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">) ovvero </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>l’obbligo</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> (clausola obbligatoria: </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>proposta irrevocabile</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> del socio poi defunto, con obbligo pertinente che </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>si trasferisce</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> agli </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>eredi</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> medesimi) di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>continuare la società</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> con i soci superstiti, ed in quest’ultimo caso – laddove scelgano di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>non continuare</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> la società nonostante il pertinente obbligo assunto – sono </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>inadempienti</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> e come tali tenuti a </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>risarcire il danno</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">; questo genere di clausole </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>non si pongono in frizione</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> con il divieto dei patti successori e sono dunque </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>valide</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">; e.2) </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>clausole di successione</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">: la società </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>prosegue con gli eredi</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> del socio defunto a </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>prescindere</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> dal relativo </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>consenso</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, impegnandone la </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>responsabilità illimitata</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> (senza consenso) </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>anche</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> per le obbligazioni che la società (di persone) ha contratto </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>anteriormente</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> al relativo subentro (circostanza che fa dubitare della relativa </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>validità</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>senza</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> tuttavia che si ricada nel </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>divieto dei patti successori</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">); e.3) </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>clausole di consolidazione o accrescimento</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">: all’opposto rispetto a quelle di successione, esse </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>tagliano fuori</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> gli eredi del defunto, prevedendo la </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>continuazione automatica</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> della società tra i </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>soli soci superstiti</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>senza</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> che gli </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>eredi</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> del socio defunto possano appunto </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>scegliere</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> di far parte (comunque) della società; si distinguono in “</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>impure</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">”, laddove – sulla base delle regole successorie – agli eredi del socio defunto </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>viene liquidata la quota</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> del socio medesimo, non affiorando pertanto </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>alcun problema di patto successorio</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">; e “</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>pure</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">”, dove invece </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>la quota sociale “</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>si accresce</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>”</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> per i soci superstiti </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>senza</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> che agli </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>eredi</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> del socio defunto venga </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>liquidata la quota</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> di pertinenza, che invece </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>è in frizione</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> (oltre che eventualmente con il </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>patto c.d. “</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>leonino</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>”</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> ex </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>art.2265</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> c.c., onde si condividono gli </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>utili</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> e non anche le </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>perdite</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, e con quello “</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>tontinario</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">”, una sorta di “</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>roulette assicurativa</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">” che </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>avvantaggia chi vive</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> di più rispetto a </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>chi muore prima</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, anche) con il </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>divieto dei patti successori</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, in quanto i soci </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>si accordano </b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>ex ante</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> nel senso di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>disporre</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>una parte della successione di quello di essi</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> che dovesse </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>perdere la vita</b></span> <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>durante il rapporto sociale</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, attribuendo </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>la pertinente quota sociale</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> non già agli </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>eredi</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> del socio che morirà, ma </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>agli altri soci superstiti</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">.</span></p> </li> </ol>
